Enterprise Resource Planning (EPR) application assignment

Enterprise Resource Planning (EPR) application - Assignment Example The fascinating feature of an ERP system is that it will support a variety of hardware and network configurations by employing a database for effectively accessing information. This paper will analyze what an ERP system does and how such a system can help an organization to become more profitable. Since an ERP system can have a great influence on automating every business process, it can be effectively applied to accomplish a variety of business tasks. According to Adolphs and Schubert (2008), ERP system works on the basis of ‘input-process-output’ rules and, hence, it can also be used as management information system. Since information has become an ingredient part of management operations, ERP systems specifically focus on the information needs of different organizational sectors. The ERP software system provides timely, accurate, and most relevant information to different departments of the organization, using a single software system. This system keeps information updated so as to assist managements to effectively deal with decision making. Rothlin (2010) says that the filtering facility of an ERP system timely provides the organization with answers for various queries (p.204). Modern ERP systems are capable of providing improved facilities for the company to manage its export, import, and tax activities and to fulfill other legal requirements. ERP software supports computer aided designs; therefore, it is assistable for the company to demonstrate products designs on real time according to customer requirements. This system also facilitates all financial services and it complies with international accounting standards. Moreover, an ERP system has the ability to effectively meet the needs of government, healthcare, retail, and other service sectors. Sales forecasting is another attractive feature of ERP software applications since this process assists firms to optimize their inventory levels. According

Palliative care, on communication at the end of life Assignment

Palliative care, on communication at the end of life - Assignment Example e family case, and in recording consistently the remaining days or hours of the patients as well as the responses of its family in these critical hours. 1. Preparing for a family meeting   -- This refer to the necessary requirements to be done by the care giver to set appropriate measure to communicate to the patient’s family. This stage may include formal or informal manner of putting across the message about the imperative of devoting fiduciary time together in order to prepare them psychologically and emotionally the possible termination of life. The nurse or care giver must ready all desired information available relating to the patient condition; the necessary or expected responses of the family; the needed medicines; and the desired emotional acceptance of patient’s family members to an impending unchangeable fate. 2. Conducting a family meeting  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ this refer to the actual meeting of the medical professional and nurses with the family to discuss empirically the condition of the patient. This is a sober condition where medical practitioners would persuasively convey to the family the patient’s state and the impending limitation of its life toward potential termination. This meeting should be conducted in confidentially, cordial but often straightforward, and delivered with certain level of empathy. Attending physician will be illustrating to the family that all medical care has been exhausted for the patient and that the necessary support care needed to remove potential hindrances that may impinge the optimal transference of supportive strategies from health care professionals to family who are recipient of palliative care. The meeting will likewise discuss the needed supportive care and plan for the next step intervention that are relevant and imperative to make palliative care effective for the dying. This is the most difficult part because the practitioner is called to balance one’s values in decision-making, these being the cornerstone,

Training and Development in health care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Training and Development in health care - Essay Example Employees who perform better are usually motivated and are such individuals who will likely to leave a particular job in search of more challenging and interesting work, and bigger overall opportunities. Training and development is one way an organization can retain its better performing employees. It is important to state that a department that does not put into consideration training and development is bound to fail. The constant changes in technology, economy, legislation, finances, and social changes make it mandatory for the organization to offer training and education to its employees. Thus, maintenance and the improvement of the staff abilities ought to be an ongoing effort. Ongoing education is important (Fallon and McConnell, 2007). Measuring competence is important for a health care organization. The increasing sophistications of health care delivery and the changes in the market conditions have forced the health policy makers to enhance the evaluation of â€Å"initial competence of students and new graduates and the continuing competence of experienced and certified practitioners† (Burkhalter, Cooper and Kak, 2001, p4). Health care organizations are required to evaluate individual and organizational performance on a regular basis in order to assess the efficacy of the services they are offering. This assists the organization to know whether that requires designing training and continuing education interventions for the improvement of provider performance. Comparing job performance and the assessments of competence serves as an indicator of the extent to which the organization offers support required for quality care (Burkhalter, Cooper and Kak, 2001). On the other hand, low performance and high competence is an indication that the organization is not offering the required resources, is not correcting poor performance, or rewarding effective performance, and it has not clarified the standards

Black Boy Essay Example for Free

Black Boy Essay Most African American families in the South were lower class and committed dangerous acts to survive, â€Å"Richard suffered poverty and hunger experiences that later became themes of his work†. He would have to wait a long period of time before food was available for him, â€Å"You’ll have to wait till I get a job to buy food†. The lower class did desperate things to get money â€Å"Richard sneak into saloons and begs for pennies and drinks†. Many African Americans suffered horribly from poverty, â€Å"My mothers’ suffering grew into a symbol, gathering to itself all the poverty, the ignorance, the helplessness, the pain, hunger ridden days and hours†. The Jim Crow South brought many adversities for Blacks and poverty was a major part of that. Poverty not only took away the physical things in their lives, but also it took away from their internal selves as human beings. The things they had in their lives that they were deprived of, did not mean as much to them as losing who they are as a person, â€Å"I would send other words to tell, to march, to fight, to create a sense of the hunger of life that gnaws in us all, to keep alive in our hearts a sense of the inexpressibly human†. Racism in the Jim Crow South was brutal, unnecessary, and in some cases fatal. Racism in the United States South was a major theme, and impacted the life of Richard both in a positive and negative way. The only positive aspect of it was that he and many other African Americans overcame it and helped them become better people. In most cases racism affected lives in a negative way. Most African Americans were both physically and mentally pushed to their limit and caused permanent scars in their lives, â€Å"Having been thrust out of the world because of my race, I had accepted my destiny by not being curious about what shaped it†, The quote by Richard shows the racism was present and unfair, you can still move on and not let it be damaging to your daily lives and emotions. Richard experienced many abusive events resulting from racism, â€Å"He experienced some of the most severe abuses of racial oppression in Mississippi†. African Americans have the theory that White people are dangerous and not to be trusted, â€Å"the Jim Crow South was a system of racial segregation practiced in some states of the US, and it gave whites a reason to treat Blacks as second class citizens†. Richard falls into a category of Black youth who fears the White community and has a hard time interacting with them, â€Å"Richard feels psychological tension around Whites†. The major reason why Richard is a part of the Great Migration and fled North is because of racism. The segregation Blacks had to deal with also took away many educational opportunities, â€Å"No education could alter what the meaning of living, came only when one was struggling†. Racism took away many privileges and rights away from Blacks. Many African Americans in the South moved north for better opportunities, and this vast moment was known as the Great Migration. It was hard for many African Americans to leave the South because that was the only life they knew, â€Å"Nine out of ten African Americans lived in the American South in 1900, by 1930, 3 in 10 lived outside the house†. Richard Wrights’ Black Boy shows how racism destroyed the lives of many African Americans, but for some it did just the opposite, as for Richard it drove him to be the successful writer he is today. Violence affected African American youth in a negative way, and it varied how they let it affect the rest of their lives. Poverty took a major toll on the lives of African Americans during the Jim Crow South system, and affected the majority in an unconstructive way. Racism made a huge impact on the lives of the Blacks because it affected their emotions, physicality, home life, and way of being. For some, racism lead to death or completely ruined their lives, but others took the hardship of racism and went with it in the opposite direction. Richard Wright, once a trouble African American boy, now a flourishing writer.

Gino and Mogilner’s (2014) Hypothesis | Critical Review

Gino and Mogilner’s (2014) Hypothesis | Critical Review Critical Review of Focus Paper: Assessing the credibility of Gino and Mogilner’s (2014) hypothesis and applications Joanna Huang Abstract The focus paper by Gino and Mogilner hypothesises that the reason for previously witnessed relationships between time, money and morality is due to the mediator, self-reflection. Gino and Mogilner (2014) operationalise the construct of morality to measure the subsequent cheating in participants through controlled laboratory experiments. The methodology employed in the paper uses validated and reliable techniques to maintain internal validity (Wicklund and Duval, 1971). In addition, the paper controls and removes possible confounds that may impact the consistency of the results to improve internal reliability. However, the applicability of Gino and Mogilner’s (2014) findings are limited by the controlled laboratory conditions which reduce external validity. Greater applications of this study can be found in alternate research directions regarding the relationship between time, money and morality. Main body The nature of morality and its determinant is a long debated and theorised topic; many experimental investigations in morality attempt to produce supporting evidence for hypothesised relationships between morality and related factors. The focus paper by Gino and Mogilner endeavours to provide empirical evidence that supports the underlying mechanism between time, money and morality is self-reflection. Gino and Mogilner (2014) draw their conceptualisation of morality from the theoretical framework provided by previous studies which have shown a conclusive relationship between time, money and morality. Their methodology operationally defines morality and maintains a standardised procedure to maximise the reliability and validity of their experimental results. Whilst Gino and Mogilner (2014) are able to reliably demonstrate that self-reflection is the underlying mechanism connecting money, time and morality, the immediate applications of the research finding is limited by their approach . The multifaceted definition of morality provides difficulties in measuring the construct within laboratory environments. However, by simplifying moral behaviour to cheating, the seemingly abstract construct has been operationalised by many for experimental research and produced consistent findings, such as Gino and Pierce (2009). In addition, by eliminating the monetary reward (in Study two) and providing anonymity, potential bias from the motivation of money and social desirability of participants to appear competent has been removed. When compared to previous studies by Diener and Wallbom (1976) where anonymity was not provided in the experiment, the recorded cheating could have resulted from two viable motivations; moral ambiguity and possible demonstration of competence (Vallacher and Solodky, 1979). Gino and Mogilner (2014) have shown superiority in operationalising and controlling their experiment to produce empirical evidence that supports their hypothesis. The study follows a standardised procedure to ensure greater generalisability and reliability. Study three uses the mirror technique, a reliable method to encourage self-reflection (Wicklund and Duval, 1971), and improving internal validity by the use of a reliable and consistent technique in the methodology. The mirror technique further validates the robustness of the effect by showing internal consistency between the effects of priming money and time to a validated method. In comparison to the use of environmental stimulus (real cash) by Gino and Pierce (2009), the subtlety of priming money and time constructs benefits external validity by increasing generalisability (Mogilner and Aaker, 2009). Priming the constructs allows greater generalisation to the real world situation by broadening the stimulation of time and money to include mental as well as environmental stimuli. It should be mentioned that the focus paper does have flaws, notably in the use self-reporting scales in Study 4 to measure self-reflection. Self-reporting is limited by the assumption that individuals are insightful and truthful about their own attitudes and behaviours. Additionally, self-reporting may be skewed by the individual desire to appear moral (Nargin and Pogarsky, 2003). Thus, many studies have included social desirability tests to identify to remove possible contenders of lying, such as Nargin and Pogarsky (2003) and Gino and Pierce (2009). Despite lacking such a social desirability test, the questionnaire used to measure self-reflection is similar to the one used by Gino and Pierce (2009), which has proven reliability. Furthermore, Gino and Mogilner (2014) do include a mediation analyses using bootstrap analysis to verify that self-flection was the underlying mechanism between money, time and morality; presenting convincing empirical evidence of the relationship between the constructs. In conceptualising morality as cheating, the study may risk over-simplifying and limiting the construct as cheating may only represent a form of moral judgment rather than morality as a whole (Abend, 2012). Indeed, the experiment essentially limits the concept of morality to the individual moral judgment in response to the given conditions of the study, such as anonymous cheating opportunities. Furthermore, these confined laboratory conditions inhibit the external validity of the study due to the variability of cheating opportunities and occurrence in real life (Gino and Pierce, 2009). However, Gino and Mogilner are not alone in their approach; studies with a similar method include those by Gino and Pierce (2009), and Shu, Gino and Bazerman (2009). These studies adapt their conceptualisation from Jones’ (1991) definition of immorality as behaviour that violates the moral and legal regulations of the wider community; supporting Gino and Mogilner’s operational definition of morality as a standardised method. Whilst using more subtle primes can increase generalisability, as aforementioned, the limitations of applicability are inevitable in laboratory and experimental research. Experimental research is challenged by the difficulty to maintain external validity within the controlled laboratory conditions. Whilst encouraging moral conduct in society is a worthy pursuit, direct application of Gino and Mogilner’s (2014) findings may be difficult and limited by situational and environmental influences of morality. A study by Reed, Aquino and Levy (2007) develops the construct of morality in an alternate approach, suggesting instead that individual concept of morality directly influences attitudes towards money and time. This reverse approach is advantageous in having immediate applications, specifically in marketing; non-profit organisations can manipulate the community for more time or money donations based on the prominence of the respective constructs in their advertisement (Reed et al., 2007). Despite forgoing the mediator role of self-reflection, the research does not contradict Gino and Mogilner. Hence, given that the thought of time can increase ad herence to moral conduct (Gino and Mogilber, 2014), the focus paper may find applications in an indirect way, such as time prominent marketing strategies. The work of Gino and Mogilner (2014) may be limited in the short run for immediate benefits to society; however it will inarguably be a great asset when considering the growing prevalence of immorality. Gino and Mogilner (2014) present reliable empirical evidence to determine that self-reflection is the mediator between time, money and morality. The focus paper appropriately operationalises morality to construct a reliable and valid research that increases the credibility of the results. In demonstrating sound empirical results, Gino and Mogilner have proposed a plausible method to reduce immoral behaviours in society. However, the immediate applications of this method are restricted by difficulties in generalising the experimental research to the external, real world environment, and may have to wait until further research is conducted regarding ethical and effective applications. References Abend, G. (2012). What the Science of Morality Doesnt Say About Morality. Philosophy of the Social Sciences, 43(2), 157-200. Diener, E., Wallbom, M. (1976). Effects of Self-Awareness on Antinormative Behaviour. Journal of Research in Personality, 10(1), 107-111. Gino, F., Mogilner, C. (2014). Time, money, and morality. Psychological Science, 25(2), 414-421. Gino, F., Pierce, L. (2009). The abundance effect: Unethical behaviour in the presence of wealth. Organisational Behaviour and Human Decision Processes, 109(2), 142-155. Jones, T.M. (1991). Ethical Decision Making by Individuals in Organizations: An Issue-Contingent Model, The Academy of Management Review, 16(2), 366-395. Mogilner, C., Aaker, J. (2009). The Time vs. Money Effect. Journal of Consumer Research, 36(2),277-291. Nagin, D.S., Pogarsky, G. (2003). An Experimental Investigation of Deterrence: Cheating, Self-Serving Bias, and Impulsivity. Criminology, 41(2), 167-194. Reed, A., Aquino, K., Levy, E. (2007). Moral Identity and Judgements of Charitable Behaviours. Journal of Marketing 71(1), 178-193. Shu, L.L., Gino, F., Bazerman, M.H. (2011). Dishonest Deed, Clear Conscience: When Cheating Leads to Moral Disengagement and Motivated. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 37(3), 330-349. Vallacher, R.R., Solodky, M. (1979). Objective Self-Awareness, Standards of Evaluation and Moral Behaviour. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 15(3), 254-262. Wicklund, R.A., Duval, S. (1971). Opinion change and performance facilitation as a result of objective self-awareness. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology,7(3), 319-342. 1 Nella Larsen Novel: Passing Nella Larsen Novel: Passing Nella Larsens novel Passing was written in 1929 and reflected the reality she experienced herself as for the questions of racial identity and hard integration of African Americans into the civilized society. On the whole, Passing is, in contrast to the title, the story of complete failure of two girls who tried to divide themselves from their race and be normal citizens adopted by the society. One of them, Irene Westover Redfield, was a common representative of the middle class who suffered from fears and discomfort being among people and who wanted only to be tranquil because security was the most important and desired thing in life (Larsen 235). Everywhere in the street she felt disturbance and threat of impermanence, instability and lack of confidence. All those symptoms, as Neil Sullivan (26) investigates, testify to Irenes inevitability of disintegrating subjectivity meaning that not only circumstances themselves were obstacles on her way to integration and passing, but from the very beginning, by her nature and through entire life she was never ready to become an adequate part of the community. For Irene, the reality was disgusting and she was disgusting to herself, she was awkward in that reality. Her friend, Clare Kendry Bellew, doesnt look like a Nig (as her own husband calls her playfully), but she has African routes and thus all her story is a story of inner conflict, of bifurcation and lack of perfectness, of wholeness. She struggled since her early childhood, as was born in misery and privation, and furthermore lost her father (alcoholic janitor) and had to live with her two white aunts, Grace and Edna, not a jot better than Cinderellas stepmother and sisters. From her early years she had to work hard, and the aunts even tried to persuade her that physical labor was nothing but useful for her. And at the same time she had to tolerate not only physical exploitation, but also moral tension because loving relatives never missed a trick to remind her where she was from and what she was like. But nevertheless she didnt make complaints against her life: I was, it was true, expected to earn my keep by doing all the housework, and most of the washing. But do you realize, Rene, t hat if it hadnt been for them, I shouldnt have had a home in the world? (Larsen 158). Clare is described as truly light (as her name is translated) person trying to enjoy life and to take everything from it, but again, from the very beginning, she is doomed as she has no integrity in herself and cant find stability neither at home nor outside. Her husband, a white financier John Bellew, leads on the processing started by her aunts: he repeats again and again that he hated Negroes and that no Negroes can live in his house: When we were first married, she was as white as as well as white as a lily. But I declare shes gettin darker and darker. I tell her if she dont look out, shell wake up one of these days and find shes turned into a nigger, he jokes (171). If Clare could simply forget her origin and live a normal life of a white person, she may have found serenity and her place under the sun. But the hostile attitude and moods of the nearest, let alone rest of the society leaves n o chance for her. She is punched by words, and she is constantly being lynched morally. Hence her end is determined from the very beginning. Her passing is determined as, to certain extent, the author uses the word not only in the meaning of merging of African Americans with the white community in the United States, but obviously in its colloquial meaning standing for death. The two girls fates are tightly bound and one is used to tint another one. They are different, but they have much in common, and their lives turn to interweave in strange, dramatic matter. The two persons conflicting each within herself cant help conflicting with other, and passions burning between them have ambiguous nature. The uneasy circumstances have made them suspicious and emotionally very sensitive, therefore by interaction they not only help each other to survive, but do help each other to fade. The matter is, assimilation is always a problem, even when all the circumstances are favorable and the accepting party is really adopting. A lot of things must be changed in your conscience, in your style of life, in your attitude to things of everyday life and, broader, you view of the world. The question, what is more, is why you should forget your true identity, why you have to play your origin false and adjust to others. It is always difficult to put up with such injustice, and no matter how hard you try, you will always stay the second sort. Sometimes such subordination is hidden well, and with time you may forget about all those difficulties. But when day after day you are reminded that you are mud blood (nigger, nig, creature, boy,), how much strength do you need to cope with it? Especially it turns out to be unbearable for Clare who is already not belonging to the Black community and neither is she one of the Whites. Then, negative reputation is regularly supported by media, they are accused of all the most awful crimes, and this prejudice based only on the color of their skin is being spread from family to family, from generation to generation. The cycle with no way out. Or, to be more precise, with the only way out chosen by Clare the entrance to freedom through the window. In the meantime her need for recognition was much higher than Irenes. Clare experiences deliberate courting of attention (203); her husband has taken her out of poverty and provided her with almost everything for happy bourgeois living. So she spends days dressing this and that and trying to adopt white values, but cant find peace and through the whole novel seeks for the answer from everyone: what am I to you? What am I of you? It is interesting to underline that the two girls benefit from each other: While Clare claims Irene as her link to blackness, Irene mediates her desire for whiteness through Clare (Sullivan 31). When associated with Clare, Irene finally was aware what was wrong in her life and she feels sorry that Clare was not born a Negro (Larsen 225). The conflict is sharpened in the scene with letters from Clare torn by Irene: The destruction completed, she gathered them up, rose, and moved to the trains end. Standing there, she dropped them over railing and watched them scatter, on tracks, on cinders, on forlorn grass, in rills of dirty water (178). While we are all dependent on what others think of us, it is not easy to stay cheerful when you are oppressed on the ground of your minority identity. In this way total rejection brings Clare to the tragic final: Clare vanishes, and Irene faints in pursuit of her. Panama: An Introduction Panama: An Introduction Panama La Republica de Panama, or just simply Panama, is a country slightly smaller than South Carolina located south of Costa Rica and north of Columbia. Panama is most famous for the Panama Canal, which allows passage from the Caribbean Sea to the Pacific Ocean. Panama has a chain of mountains along the west of the country, has moderate hills in the interior, and has flat land along the east coast. There are vast forests in Panamas tropical weather. Panamas tropical temperature makes it possible for Panama to grow its biggest exports: coffee, sugar, shrimp, bananas, etc. However, Panama cannot grow or manufacture certain items, such as capital goods, foodstuffs, consumer goods, and chemicals. Some of Panamas major trading partners include the U.S., Sweden, Spain, Netherlands, Costa Rica, Antilles, Japan, Mexico, and Colombia. Panama has one of the most important trading ports in the world. Its geographical location makes it one of the busiest ports in the world. Panama is most famous for the internationally known Panama Canal. The Panama Canal was first thought up in 1513 by Charles V, who at the time was the king of Spain. Although Charles V never followed through, the Spaniards built paved roads to transport goods. In 1880, French companies directed by Ferdinand de Lesseps, the builder of the Suez Canal, started construction on the Panama Canal. After seven years, the project was abandoned. In 1903, when Panama was declared independent, a treaty was signed which authorized the United States to begin construction of the canal in 1904. The canal was completed and started operation on August 15, 1914, when the US cargo ship, Ancon, made a historic first passage. However, before the canal was built, Panama struggled for its independence from Columbia. In 1821, Central America revolted against Spain, which is when Panama joined Columbia. For the next eighty-two years, Panama unsuccessfully tried to break away from Columbia. Between 1850 and 1900, Panama had 40 administrations, 50 riots, 5 attempted secessions, and 13 US interventions. Panama eventually gained its independence in 1903, with US giving its support. The Panamanian flag was a symbol of the newly freed country once it gained its independence from Columbia. It was designed be Mr. Amador Guerrero and it was made by his wife, Ms. Maria Ossa de Amador. The flag was baptized on December 20, 1903 by Reverend Fray Bernardino. It is celebrated on November 1. Today, the Panamanian government is an example of a constitutional democracy. It contains executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government. The executive branch consists of a president and two vice-presidents. The presidential position is held by Martin Torrijos Espino and the two vice-presidential positions are held by Samuel Lewis Navarro and Ruben Arosemena Valdes. The Legislative Branch has a unicameral National Assembly which contains seventy eight seats. The judicial branch is a Supreme Court of Justice, which contains nine judges who serve ten year terms, five superior courts, and three courts of appeal. When the Spanish controlled Panama, they brought with them Spanish cultures and traditions, creating a new culture. The natives of Panama, the Kuna, are a close community. They are close with their families and live a simple way of life. In the Kunas culture, ties are passed from the mothers side of the family, meaning that after the marriage, the husband must move into the wifes familys house and work for her family. In all countries, sports are a major part of the culture. Panama is no exception. The main sport in Panama today is baseball. Some of the Major League Baseball most prominent baseball players have come out of Panama. The most famous of them include Rod Carew, who played for the Minnesota Twins and the California Angels, Omar Moreno, who played for the Pittsburg Pirates, Ben Oglivie, who played for the Boston Red Sox, Detroit Tigers, and the Milwaukee Brewers, Mariano Rivera, who currently plays for the Yankees, and Manny Sanguillen, who played mainly with the Pittsburg Pirates and briefly with the Oakland Athletics. Some of todays Panamanian baseball players include Manuel Corpas, who plays for the Colorado Rockies, Carlos Lee, who plays for the Houston Astros, Mariano Rivera, who plays for the New York Yankees, Carlos Ruiz, who plays for the Philadelphia Phillies, and Olmedo Saenz, who plays for the Los Angeles Dodgers. As well as sports, food is a major part of a countrys culture. Some of Panamas most popular dishes include carimanola, empanadas, tortillas, tamales, tajadas, and patacones. Carimanola is a roll made from ground and boiled yucca and filled with chopped meat and boiled eggs. The roll is then fried before it is served. Empanadas are similar to a Cornish pastry that can be filled with meat, chicken, or cheese. Tortillas are a common meal in all of Latin America. In Panama, tortillas are made from ground maize and fried like a pancake. Tamales are a local delicacy made from boiled ground corn with spices, chicken, or pork inside. It is then wrapped in a banana leaf and boiled before serving. Tajadas are a dish that that are more commonly known as platano maduros. It is made from a ripe plantain cut i slices, length ways and baked with cinnamon. Lastly, patacones, also known as tostones, is made from green fried plantain, which is cut crossways in pieces, with salt, pressed and fried. Today, Panama remains most famous for the Panama Canal. However, it has also received attention from people due o the fact that one of their former leaders is imprisoned in Miami, Florida as a result of drug trafficking charges. Manuel Noriega used to be one of the United States top allies in Latin America. However, their relationship deteriorated when it was discovered that Noriega was a major player in drug trafficking in the Panamanian region. The US also accused him of violating human rights and rigging elections in 1989. Soon after their was a stand-off between US forces stationed at the Panama canal zone and Noriegas soldiers. Later, President Bush Sr. launched an invasion of Panama because a US marine was killed in Panama City. Noriega surrendered to US forces in 1990 and was flown to the US as a prisoner of war. He was found guilty of multiple charges and was sentenced to forty years in prison which was later reduced to thirty years in 1999. After serving seventeen years in p rison, he was scheduled for release on September 9 of this year. However, he is now wanted by the French for using profits from drug trafficking to buy land and remains imprisoned. In conclusion, Panama has a culture and history decorated by the people, food, and infrastructures that it has become famous for. Most people know Panama for the Panama Canal, but Panama is more than the Canal. People who will go down in American culture have come out of Panama. These people, such as Mariano Rivera and Rod Carew, have imprinted themselves into Americas favorite past-time (baseball). Panama has bred a culture that has made a name for itself in todays society and will forever be known for it uniqueness and cultural and historical offerings.

Scientific Advance: Friend or Foe? :: Science Technology Essays

Scientific Advance: Friend or Foe? Scientists and non-scientists see the advances of technology in different ways. Scientists, like J. Michael Bishop, look at the possibilities technology offers while non-scientists, like Jeremy Rifkin and Mary Shelley, look at the potential chaos that could be caused by it. J. Michael Bishop is a professor of microbiology at the University of California, San Francisco. He is also winner of the Nobel Prize. He wrote, "Enemies of Promise" because he wanted to dispel the misconceptions that many people have about science, since he feels that these could have serious consequences for all Americans. Jeremy Rifkin is a well-known social activist who organized the 1968 March on the Pentagon and brought public attention to alleged U.S. war crimes in Vietnam. He is president of the nonprofit Foundation on Economic Trends. He is both criticized and admired for his condemnation on Biotechnology. Mary Shelley was the daughter of 2 influential people and became an influential writer herself in the early 1800s. Mary Shelley created a monstrous, powerful myth, which she used to warn ambitious scientists of the potential dangers contained in their creations. Her creation, Frankenstein, will forever be known as the monster that was created by Victor Frankenstein. The monster, a creature without a name of its own, that took the identity of its maker. Bishop argues that "Resistance to science is born out of fear." He blames ignorance of breeding this fear, and he blames ignorance of being, "our deepest malady" (241). Rifkin and Shelley on the other hand, accuse science of having the potential to evolve into something grotesque, monstrous and frightening. Bishop would say that this fear is born of ignorance while Rifkin and Shelley would argue it to stem from the potentiality of catastrophe, from the inability of man to predict the adaptability of nature, from the inability of man to anticipate the benefits that are likely to result from such experiments, and from the danger of acquiring knowledge and becoming greater than "his" (man's) nature will allow (321). J Michael Bishop in "Enemies of Promise" argues that we live in an age of scientific triumph in which science is mistrusted and under attack. He claims that some of the opposition to science comes from familiar sources. Some of these stem from religious fanatics who constantly push for creationism education in the public arena. These groups have a theological foundation to their opposition to the advances of science.

Explore the ways in which two or three of these poems present the :: English Literature

Explore the ways in which two or three of these poems present the experience of living between two cultures and the difficulties it causes. The two poems I am choosing are "Presents from my Aunts in Pakistan" and "Search for My Tongue". "Presents from my Aunts in Pakistan" is written by Moniza Alvi, a woman who was born in Pakistan but moved to England at an early age. Her mother was from England and white, her Father was Pakistani and so black. This makes Moniza 'half-caste', as well as the aunts in poem being from her father's side. Her poem begins with a description of the gifts her aunts send her; "They sent me a salwar kameez peacock-blue, and another glistening like an orange split openà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦" The gifts are clothes in the typical Pakistani style, long tunic and loose trousers of blue and orange. Yet her indisposition towards the clothes is hinted at by her description of the first set of clothes. Peacock blue suggests that she feels like a peacock in them, showing off and flamboyant, something she doesn't want to be. They make her uncomfortable and self conscious. The next set of clothes show us the passage of time for Alvi with more clothes from her aunts. Yet as in England, and as she puts it, school, fashions change. The salwar bottoms are now broad and stiff then narrow towards the bottom. She tries on the clothes in sitting room, unwrapping them with her parents. She tries each one on and feels alien, as she puts is, to them. She doesn't' full reject them, but they are too exotic for her, too lovely for her. She acknowledges that they are pretty and acceptable clothes, but she cannot feel at ease in them. She longs for 'normal' clothes; "I longed for and corduroy." The clothes to her are a costume, something for other times, not now, "My costume clung to me and I was aflame, I couldn't rise out of this fire, half English, unlike Aunt Jamila." The clothes she is wearing are no doubt brightly coloured, perhaps like the orange ones from before. They seem like flames to her, and to others she presumes. They are too exotic, too foreign, and they draw too much attention. She cannot rise out of their flames; she cannot be seen through them. When people look at her wearing those, they will see the clothes, not a person. The clothes identify her as Pakistani, not English. That would be alright if she was sure of her own background, but she is not. By wearing those clothes her balance of ethnicity is thrown wildly askew. Explore the ways in which two or three of these poems present the :: English Literature Explore the ways in which two or three of these poems present the experience of living between two cultures and the difficulties it causes. The two poems I am choosing are "Presents from my Aunts in Pakistan" and "Search for My Tongue". "Presents from my Aunts in Pakistan" is written by Moniza Alvi, a woman who was born in Pakistan but moved to England at an early age. Her mother was from England and white, her Father was Pakistani and so black. This makes Moniza 'half-caste', as well as the aunts in poem being from her father's side. Her poem begins with a description of the gifts her aunts send her; "They sent me a salwar kameez peacock-blue, and another glistening like an orange split openà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦" The gifts are clothes in the typical Pakistani style, long tunic and loose trousers of blue and orange. Yet her indisposition towards the clothes is hinted at by her description of the first set of clothes. Peacock blue suggests that she feels like a peacock in them, showing off and flamboyant, something she doesn't want to be. They make her uncomfortable and self conscious. The next set of clothes show us the passage of time for Alvi with more clothes from her aunts. Yet as in England, and as she puts it, school, fashions change. The salwar bottoms are now broad and stiff then narrow towards the bottom. She tries on the clothes in sitting room, unwrapping them with her parents. She tries each one on and feels alien, as she puts is, to them. She doesn't' full reject them, but they are too exotic for her, too lovely for her. She acknowledges that they are pretty and acceptable clothes, but she cannot feel at ease in them. She longs for 'normal' clothes; "I longed for and corduroy." The clothes to her are a costume, something for other times, not now, "My costume clung to me and I was aflame, I couldn't rise out of this fire, half English, unlike Aunt Jamila." The clothes she is wearing are no doubt brightly coloured, perhaps like the orange ones from before. They seem like flames to her, and to others she presumes. They are too exotic, too foreign, and they draw too much attention. She cannot rise out of their flames; she cannot be seen through them. When people look at her wearing those, they will see the clothes, not a person. The clothes identify her as Pakistani, not English. That would be alright if she was sure of her own background, but she is not. By wearing those clothes her balance of ethnicity is thrown wildly askew.

The Person I Dislike

The Person I dislike Hate is a very strong word. So it feels a little awkward to say that I hate a particular person. But there are certain types of people who are easy to be disliked. There are lots of people I met in my life, it is not necessary that I like all of them. I categorize the people in three types. One that I like most, second one I don’t like and the third one who has no impression at all in my life. It is a natural phenomenon that we can’t be friendly or alien to all people to whom we met.Of course here are always some good reasons behind as why we like or dislike someone. For me, such people include hypocrites, people who abuse women and children, people who gossip and backbite, and people who are greedy. In my personal opinion, it is very awkward to hate person solely on the basis of their physical appearance or on such things at which they have no control for example their face, color, height, race or religion etc. However, there are many other good re asons that you can hate a person or group of person that is their character or deeds.I dislike Mr. Tindu more than anything in the world. He is related to my father and is forty years old. Tindu is a mean, contemptible fellow. Tindu is an educated person but behaves like an illiterate person. He is dead to all sense of shame and very talkative. I saw Tindu arguing with Majid it looks that some fight is going on. Tindu often talks tall and freely indulges in self-praise. He talks ill of others behind their back and very selfish. Tindu told me uncle Baber likes to gamble and drink whisky and then he met uncle in front of me saying uncle never drinks.Tindu enjoys nobody's confidence. To feel superior to others is in his nature. Tindu does not give respect his parents. Tindu has a habit of cursing and yelling. I saw him to cursing them out for no reason and openly defy them. Tindu has no respect for woman and never think that a woman gave him birth. He is a man of loose morals and have no ethics. Tindu has no love for his motherland. He is not an American by birth but act like that. He is migrated from Pakistan and belongs to a middle class family. Tindu lacks of civic sense.He is very quarrelsome and fought with my brother in law in a marriage ceremony. Tindu does not extend a helping hand even to his relatives and friends in trouble. He laughs at the miseries and troubles of others. Tindu have bad credit. Two years ago he borrowed money from my father never give back. He makes fun of everybody, even the beggars on the street. Tindu loves to smoke marijuana and drink whisky. He cannot be calm always speak loudly to enforce his ideas. Thus he brought a slur to his family.He never does anything worthy of a gentleman. He is seldom fair and square in his dealings with others. Because of his greediness, Tindu makes money by foul means. He is working as inspector in hosiery. He deliberately rejects the stuff and sales that stuff in open market. Hypocrite can easily be disliked. Because of uncle Baber I knew that Tindu talks ill of others behind their back. Although hate is difficult to express in words, to dislike someone is natural. One must avoid that rogue. I dislike Tindu because he is a jerk!

Food safety and sanitation Essay

Purpose of this manual This is an example of a Food Safety Manual that has been developed to assist your learning of HACCP-based food safety programs. The development of food safety programs based on the principles of the hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP) system is the most effective way of ensuring food safety. This manual is intended to be a very general guide for HACCP-based food safety programs and will show you how all the parts of the food safety program come together. This manual is an example of a HACCP-based food safety program for food service processes that include: cook serve cook chill reheat serve (not extended shelf life cook chill). We have taken every effort to ensure that the sample guidelines in this manual meet the minimum standard for food safety for the processes described. However, when using these guidelines you need to undertake your own research to be assured that you have met current food safety standards and industry codes for the operations undertaken by the business for which you work. Web sites that contain information on HACCP-based food safety programs include: Food Standards Australia New Zealand has information on the proposed food safety standard: http://www.foodstandards.gov.au Department of Health, Victoria, Australia has food safety programs: http://www.health.vic.gov.au/foodsafety/ The NSW Food Authority has some good information: http://www.foodauthority.nsw.gov.au/ Department of Health, Victoria, Australia, Foodsmart website http://www.foodsmart.vic.gov.au/FoodSmartWeb/ How to use this manual This manual is divided into six sections: Section 1: Manual Introduction Section 2: Standard Operating Procedures Section 3: Process Control Using HACCP Section 4: Work Instructions Section 5: Monitoring Forms for Supervisors Section 6: Check Sheets for Staff Each section of the manual starts with an explanation of the purpose of the guidelines or information found within that section. At risk persons A number of risk groups vulnerable to food-borne pathogens, have been identified. At risk persons include: the sick, and people with a weak immune system frail elderly infants and babies in hospital pregnant women. If you are serving food to at risk persons then you will need to check your State or Territory food legislation. If the legislation includes a code of practice to address the issue of pathogenic contamination, then you need to develop strategies within your food safety program to include this code. Definitions AQIS Australian Quarantine and Inspection Service. Audit An independent check of a food safety system to show that procedures are being followed and that the system achieves its aims. Calibrate A check that measuring equipment is working, eg thermometers. Control measure A measure taken to control a food safety hazard, eg time and temperature limits. Control Point (CP) A point in the food production process at which control measures are advisable. However, loss of control may not lead to an unacceptable health risk. This process may be monitored. Core product temperature The internal temperature of a product. It is taken at the thickest point. Corrective action Corrective action is the set of procedures to be followed when a deviation occurs in the production process, for example when the internal temperature of cooked roast chicken has not reached 75Â ºC, the corrective action is to return it to the oven and bring up to temperature. Critical Control Point (CCP) A point in the food production process at which loss of control may result in an unacceptable health risk. This process must be monitored. Critical limit The minimum standard (of the control measure) that has to be met to control the hazard, eg cooking to 75ï‚ °C. Cross-contamination The transferring of contaminants from one source to foods. Egg based products All foods consisting predominantly of, or thickened with, eggs. Food handling Basic handling and inspection, preparation, cooking, cooling, processing, display, packaging, storage and transportation. Food safety control method Methods and procedures used in the workplace to control food safety hazards include both support programs and specific hazard control limits or requirements. Typical examples of support programs include product recall, cleaning schedules, pest control programs, personal hygiene practices, calibration procedures and related operating procedures. Food Safety Manual The key document for a food safety program. It demonstrates how processes are analysed to identify potential hazards and how each potential hazard may be controlled. It contains all the food safety instructions for staff, suppliers and contractors and details the responsibilities of all workers to ensure that food safety is maintained. HACCP HACCP stands for Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point. HACCP is a system that identifies hazards, and then implements controls and management systems to ensure the food product is safe for consumers. HACCP can be applied to any food service operation. Hazard A biological, chemical or physical risk that may cause a food to become unsafe. Impervious Refers to a type of surface that does not allow fluid to pass into it. Non-hazardous foods Foods that do not normally support the growth of food-poisoning bacteria, such as: fruit vegetables unfilled cakes and pastries dry stores, eg flour, sugar, rice etc. Policy Amendment Register A register where changes to the food safety program are recorded. Potentially hazardous foods Foods that are capable of supporting the growth of food-poisoning bacteria: meat fish chicken smallgoods milk milk products cream eggs — out of their shell cooked rice cooked pasta soy bean products salads. Ready to cook hazardous foods Foods that require cooking and are capable of supporting the growth of food-poisoning bacteria: meat chicken fish. Ready to serve hazardous foods Foods that do not require cooking and are capable of supporting the growth of food-poisoning bacteria: meat (for raw meat dishes) fish (for raw fish dishes) smallgoods milk milk products cream eggs — out of their shell cooked rice cooked pasta unpasteurised fruit juice soy bean products salads. Sanitise To eliminate or reduce micro-organisms to a safe level. Sample policy amendment register This register is used to note any amendments, updates or improvements made to the Food Safety Manual. The Manager has responsibility for maintaining this register and communicating these changes to staff. Amendments Register No. Date Subject Page No. Approval Comments Our commitment to food safety Most Food Safety Manuals start with a statement of the organisational philosophy and responsibilities to food safety as well as identification of the members of the HACCP team. Consider this example: This business firmly believes in providing its customers and staff with a safe food product. This business wholly accepts its legal duty to comply with the National Food Safety Standards and all related legislation. We expect all suppliers to also have this philosophy. Our staff members are expected to abide by the policy and all procedures and codes of practice set down by the management. It expects that they will make every effort to maintain all written procedures. It is the aim of our business to operate all food production and food service with due diligence which is regarded as a top priority. Name of Business ____________________________________ Signed______________________________ (Proprietor/Owner/Manager) Date _________________ Organisation responsibilities and duties The owner will: be responsible for implementation, control, monitoring and review of this policy ensure that all staff are trained in the food handling techniques and the requirements of food safety be qualified to implement and review the Food Safety Policy regulations and practices ensure that all records and systems in relation to food safety are maintained and filed. The manager will: be responsible for the day-to-day implementation and control of food safety ensure that all records and systems in relation to food safety are maintained ensure that staff will follow all personal hygiene rules ensure that all work areas are kept clean and free from pests ensure that all staff are trained in the food handling techniques and the requirements of the food safety policy be qualified to implement and review the food handling techniques and the requirements of the food safety policy. All kitchen staff will: be responsible for food safety in the kitchen, preparation and storage areas be qualified to implement the food handling techniques and the requirements of the food safety policy complete all records and systems in relation to food safety in the kitchen, preparation, receiving and storage areas as directed abide by all personal hygiene rules report incidents that impact on the quality of food, to the manager (eg sightings of pests, malfunctioning or defective appliances, etc) keep all work areas clean and free from pests be trained in food handling techniques and the requirements of the food safety policy report to the manager if they are suffering from any communicable disease. Other staff (eg assistants, bartenders, waiters, cleaners) will: be responsible for food safety during service abide by the Food Safety Policy regulations and practices abide by all personal hygiene rules keep work areas and equipment clean report incidents that impact on the quality of food, to the manager (eg sightings of pests, malfunctioning or defective appliances, etc) report to their supervisor if they are suffering from any communicable disease. The HACCP team The following staff members are responsible for the implementation of the HACCP-based food safety program at this business: (This information is provided as a guide only). The owner (in conjunction with the manager) will coordinate the development of the food safety program. The manager will coordinate the development of the food safety program. Staff representatives (ideally one from each section, eg kitchen, bar, wash up, store, cleaning) will play an important role in the team by advising on operation issues related to the food safety program. External expertise, eg consultant, food technologist or microbiologist, qualified in their field and in the principles of HACCP-based food safety programs will play an important role in the team by advising on issues related to the food safety program. Note: The size of the team will vary, depending on the size of the business. Where the food establishment is small, the proprietor or manager may undertake all of the above roles and be solely responsible for the coordination and implementation of HACCP. These persons will combine their skills and undertake training to: identify potential hazards associated with all aspects of food and beverage preparation assign levels of severity of risk based on previous experience recommend controls, specifications and procedures for monitoring and verification in line with the Australian standards and government regulations recommend appropriate corrective actions, including training for all staff, when deviations occur be familiar with, or be able to research, all relevant legislation/technical information related to the food safety plan.

Intelligence Agencies and Just War on Terrorism Essay

America and its allies face Ð ° world that has become more and more dangerous with its weapons of mass destruction and Ð ° shadowy world of terrorists more than willing to use them. The wisdom of the past does not have the prescience or universal insight to deal with this new threat. America and its allies must change direction if they wish to respond to the challenge in an effective manner, even if it means employing policies that seemed dubious in the past. The state is called to protect its citizens in Ð ° Machiavellian world, filled with depravity and compromise. The church is called to submit to the superior wisdom of those who have the special intelligence, experience and expertise to handle the current crisis. Our forefathers came from Europe to settle in Ð ° wilderness that was not always hospitable. Death was imminent, and survival was uppermost on all their minds. The settlement in Jamestown, after the death of Powhatan, suffered an unprovoked attack at the hands of the Native Americans in 1622, in which some 375 settlers were massacred. The immediate response was to make Ð ° perfidious treaty with the natives and then starve them by burning their crops late that summer. It was Ð ° matter of survival. It was either ‘us or them’. (Amit 2003 127) â€Å"The same policy was followed by the Puritans of Massachusetts when the Pequot Indians, Ð ° most war-like people, presented an imminent threat in the mind of these settlers. Rather than wait around to die, they proceeded to attack them first, killing in one horrific conflagration of Ð ° Pequot fort some 4oo men, women and children. The exact motives behind the massacre remain unclear, but no doubt survival was uppermost in their minds. Today the situation that confronts the American people is not so different. It is similar to that of their ancestors in many ways and direr in regard to the number of lives at stake. one can debate whether the times have ‘waxed worse and worse’, but it is beyond question that the times have proved ‘more and more critical’ with their weapons of mass destruction (WMD) and the ever-increasing number of potential users. The nation of Israel felt this threat in 1981 when it conducted Ð ° pre-emptive strike against an Iraqi nuclear reactor. The United States roundly condemned the action at the time, but with the threat now facing them from this and other rogue nations Ð ° new policy has emerged. The nefarious intentions of the Iraqi regime are apparent to most observers. It appears as if this regime plans to continue the production of WMD and deliver these weapons themselves or distribute them through the shadowy world of terrorist networks to designated targets in this clandestine manner. The signs of the times are all around us. Iraq already has violated over fifty UN resolutions to date. The UN inspectors revealed that Saddam was vigorously working on Ð ° stockpile of WMD—chemical, biological and nuclear, and by the mid-9os he began to deny them access to his supply. He already has used these weapons against his own people and waves of foot soldiers in his war with Iran. He has pledged on Ð ° number of occasions to bring destruction upon the United States, and even planned the assassination of its former president, George Bush. He has subsidized and continues to support terrorist groups throughout the region, including Hamas and Islamic Jihad according to seized Palestinian documents. His relation to terrorism is Ð ° matter of grave concern. â€Å"(Rahul 2002 37-44) It provides Ð ° special channel to deliver and promote his wicked designs, Bin Laden has called it Ð ° ‘religious duty’ for his minions to obtain and use WMD against the infidels, but he knows that his terrorist network needs help. It is only in the movies that Dr No is able to create the facilities to manufacture and deliver WMD. In the real world of terrorism, the capacity to make and utilize these weapons requires the help of Ð ° government. Aum Shinrikyo, Ð ° Japanese cult, tried to kill thousands of commuters with Ð ° potent nerve agent but managed to kill only Ð ° dozen after spending somewhere around thirty million dollars. The loss of these lives was tragic but much less than expected and displayed the complexity of operations using these agents. The cult was not able to produce the chemical (sarin) in sufficient purity and resorted to using Ð ° most primitive delivery system—carrying it on Ð ° train and piercing bags of it with tips of umbrellas. Ð  government working with Ð ° terrorist organization would produce Ð ° more lethal combination. 3 In light of this threat, it appears as if the only long-term solution is to eliminate the regime in Baghdad. Some would argue that there is no need to rush into war. But one wonders how realistic this option is in view of the track record of the regime. Is it realistic to believe that Iraq would comply with inspectors? It did not the first time around, not in toto, would the UN impose the necessary sanctions and penalties if it did not? Or would it ignore certain closed doors and cave in as it did before to Iraqi demands? And even if unmolested, would the inspectors catch the regime in its lies, knowing that it is likely to play Ð ° shell game and was given four years to hide its weapons? (Bruce 2003 44) Donne’s fatalistic maxim succinctly defines the essential context that modern intelligence services function within, and the variables determining their relative fortunes. Their experiences suggest that they are very human institutions largely shaped by the vagaries of circumstances beyond their control, not to mention misfortune and luck. As refined information used by the state to further national goals and policies, intelligence is directed, collected, analyzed and disseminated (the ‘intelligence cycle’) within the milieu of international politics. Intelligence work must therefore function within the ‘anarchical society’ of Great Powers. 1 Equally significant is the extent to which intelligence functionaries serve at the mercy of their policy masters. The intelligence officers themselves, in their various professional incarnations, are the ‘desperate men’ in this formulation, striving as they do to carry out their risky and/or problematic duties in the face of inertia and outright opposition on the part of rivals, enemies, and occasionally their own countrymen. It is unlikely that any intelligence service in history has ever completely escaped subjugation to such restrictive bondage. â€Å"As mentioned in the previous chapter, the war on al Qaeda should be Ð ° deliberate broad-front attack. It is already that in practice, but the rationale for sustaining this approach is less established and troubles are certain because such Ð ° strategy requires relating the efforts of multiple agencies, subagencies, and even nations, and it sometimes necessitates rapid action. This would seem to require two enhancements of capability which may at first seem contradictory, but they are complementary and equally important. â€Å"(Paul 2002 31) These facts hold particularly true for the office of Strategic Services mission in London, America’s critical liaison and operational intelligence outpost during the Second World War. Expanding to Ð ° peak of 2,800 personnel in 1944, OSS/London was originally established in October 1941 with the arrival of Ð ° single representative, followed by Ð ° staff nucleus the day after America’s entry into the war. Eventually consisting of contingents from the four major OSS branches-Research and Analysis, Secret Intelligence, Special operations, and X-2 (counter-intelligence)-the mission served as Ð ° focal point for Anglo-American intelligence relations in the decisive theatre in the war against Germany. The London mission was at the heart of OSS relations with British intelligence, and as such it personified the essence of that connection in the Allied war effort. The Allied invasion of Europe ensured that OSS/London, more than any other OSS outpost, would have the greatest opportunity to perform Ð ° decisive role in the intelligence war. Other OSS missions would also make important contributions, notably in Cairo, Algiers and Italy; but these were ultimately secondary theatres, while in the Pacific and Asia, OSS never acquired the sound relationship with the military necessary for intelligence operations. London was at the heart of the Allied war effort, and at the heart of the Anglo-American alliance itself. While intelligence exchanges with the Soviet Union have been documented by Bradley F. Smith, London was the ‘big league’ in Allied intelligence during the war. Many significant matters were accordingly played-out there, offering detailed examples of intelligence services in action. The experiences of OSS in London therefore illuminate the process by which America was introduced to the various components of intelligence and clandestine work, and how well American intelligence performed in its own right. As the presumed precursor to the post-war US Central Intelligence Agency, OSS further invites study in order to understand the antecedents of America’s Cold War intelligence service. The significant Anglo-American context of the evolution of modern American intelligence moreover suggests that the Anglo-American ‘Special Relationship’ had an intelligence component that was manifested most strongly and clearly in OSS/London. (Bruce 2oo3 75) The mission thus provides Ð ° case study of how US intelligence matured and became institutionalized within the context of the larger Anglo-American political-military alliance. This analysis accordingly examines an aspect of that alliance and of intelligence history in particular, that has not yet been explored in any comprehensive detail. It is part of Ð ° current historiographical review of the significance of intelligence services in military and international affairs. It specifically examines OSS/London within the context of Anglo-American relations, as well as the evolution of both modern American, and Allied, intelligence during the Second World War. The general research approach blends what has been termed the American and British ‘schools’ of intelligence scholarship. The more historical nature of British intelligence studies has been noted by Kenneth G. Robertson, while Roy Godson’s ‘Intelligence: an American View’, in Robertson’s British and American Approaches to Intelligence, distinguishes between this historical methodology and the more conceptual or theoretical nature of American studies (for example, Sherman Kent’s Strategic Intelligence for American World Policy). British diplomatic historian D. C. Watt has therefore identified these approaches as two distinct schools of intelligence study, though Ð ° recent noteworthy British contribution to the theoretical school is Michael Herman’s Intelligence Power in Peace and War, which surveys the interrelationship between post-war structures, tasks, and effectiveness. This study for its part demonstrates the influences of both schools by linking theoretical concepts to the role of intelligence ties within the larger wartime Anglo-American alliance. (Neville 2004 45)

Identify the types of fault that can occur Essay

The computer is completely dead A lot of machines are require you to press a power button on the back may sound bad and not many people try it so if it fails check the cable whether the fuse works you can test a fuse using a multi metre. If it does not work replace all the cable Computer keeps running on scandisk on start- up This usually is a result because the computer was switched off incorrectly it is probable that the installation of windows is damaged. A re installation could be a possible solution. Computer seems to start up normally but nothing appears on the screen Again, as ridiculous as it may sound check the cable; it may not be attached probably. Another obvious solution is to try whether the monitor is switched on. Windows installing errors Windows installer engine could be corrupted, installed incorrectly, or disabled this may cause installation issues. A reinstallation could well fix the issue but from a different source than the original download. Modem cuts off frequently Possible solution, you may have a call waiting on your line you need to  disable it to continue use of the modem Some programs like games don’t work on my computer This could be numerous things one of the most common occurrences is due to the fact game developers only make high end specification games of late. 9 times out of 10 people buy games while having the assumption that they will work on their pc. You should buy only the games that are able to run on your pc. Or you can upgrade your pc so it’s more future prove. Exe errors The quickest and easiest risk free method is by using professional software; The two software applications i recommend are â€Å"Error repair† and † XostspySE† I’ve re-installed windows and my sound/video/modem/printer is not working correctly A possible solution is that the devices may not be set up correctly. Windows does not shut down correctly or it restarts when it should shut down After doing some research i fount out the best solution is to go to â€Å"RUN† and then type in â€Å"MSCONFIG† Then click on â€Å"advanced† and then tick/untick â€Å"Enable fast shutdown† The next stage is to re-start the computer and see if it shuts down. If proved un successful then try the BIOS and disable ACPI. And this should resurrect the issue. Dll error There are numerous ways to fix DLL errors one way is to download a â€Å"DLL Repair tool† and follow these steps download the â€Å"Dll repair tool† click the â€Å"scan† button and then click the â€Å"repair† button to fix any errors. Another solution would be to re-install again. Source technical information to provide advice and guidance for a variety of faults (P4) Practical: Your tutor will create a number of scenarios in which you have to source technical information to provide advice and guidance for a variety of faults. Complete an activity log to show what actions youtook; you might also be observed during this process. Name of user Jonah Rossy Report date 11/04/2014 Machine identification details 76 Time to fix 15 minutes Nature of fault Computer seems to start up normally but nothing appears on the screen Diagnosis/Fault found The most usual problem with a computer but when the PC is actually does power on but doest display anything on the monitor. So when you see the lights on the computer case is probably hear fans running from inside, and may even hear sound but nothing shows up on the screen Remedial action taken I have checked the monitor computer cable, and then i have cleared the CMOS, by clearing the BIOS memory on the motherboard will return the bios setting to their factory default level. A bios miss configuration could be why your PC wont start-up all the way. Resources used : http://www.hardwareanalysis.com/content/topic/15682/ Completed by : Bogdan Filipciuc Date : 20/04/2014 Name of user Maria Beloni Report date 11/04/2014 Machine identification details 76 Time to fix 15 minutes Nature of fault The screen comes on ok when booting but unreadable when in windows Diagnosis/Fault found When the computer is booting on the display is unreadable. Remedial action taken Enter the BIOS; on Dell computer start pressing F2 button immediately booting your computer. In the BIOS use the down arrow to scroll to â€Å"Integrated Devices (Legacy Select Options). Press Enter Use down arrow to scroll to â€Å"On board Video Buffer† Press Space Bar once to change from 1MB to 8MB Press â€Å"Esc† to Exit Press â€Å"Esc† to Exit again Make sure that â€Å"Save Changes and Exit† is highlighted Press â€Å"Enter† Illegible Screen Problem Solved. Resources used : http://www.hardwareanalysis.com/content/topic/15682/ Completed by : Bogdan Filipciuc Date : 20/04/2014 Name of user Maria Beloni Report date 11/04/2014 Machine identification details 76 Time to fix 15 minutes Nature of fault A slow PC Diagnosis/Fault found The computer is running very slow Remedial action taken To fix the problem i have defrag the computer and also install and anti-virus, the virus have found lots of Trojans and now is safe. Also I have done all the updates and install a processor speed up. Resources used  : http://www.hardwareanalysis.com/content/topic/15682/ Completed by : Bogdan Filipciuc Date : 20/04/2014 Name of user Maria Beloni Report date 11/04/2014 Machine identification details 76 Time to fix 15 minutes Nature of fault Some programs like games don’t work on my computer Diagnosis/Fault found The games don’t work on the computer because of the display. Remedial action taken Multiple displays, especially extended Desktops across different resolutions, can cause problems resulting in performance issues ranging from rare freezes to total failures. Often setting to run in Windowed Mode will get an instance going and depending on your video configuration and drivers/software you’re running getting a full screen instance up could be as simple as a check box option to clone displays in the Video control software Resources used : http://www.hardwareanalysis.com/content/topic/15682/ Completed by : Bogdan Filipciuc Date : 20/04/2014 Name of user Maria Beloni Report date 11/04/2014 Machine identification details 76 Time to fix 15 minutes Nature of fault Can’t get the pound sign to work other keys come up with the wrong Symbols? Diagnosis/Fault found The pound sign don’t work because the layout of the keyboard is American so it has to be changed in UK version or European Remedial action taken To fix the problem I have used control panel -> regional and language options -> languages -> details first try ‘key settings’ and unclick the boxes to swap between keyboards. And the now you can get the sysmbols Resources used : http://www.hardwareanalysis.com/content/topic/15682/ Completed by : Bogdan Filipciuc Date : 20/04/2014 Name of user Maria Beloni Report date 11/04/2014 Machine identification details 76 Time to fix 15 minutes Nature of fault Blue screen of death Diagnosis/Fault found A Blue Screen of Death, also called a STOP Error, will appear when an issue is so serious that Windows must stop completely. Remedial action taken I have verified that a minimum amount of free space is available on your Windows partition. Blue Screens of Death and other serious issues, like data corruption, can occur if there’s not enough free space on your  primary partition used for the Windows operating system. So I have to maintain at least 100MB of free space but I regularly see problems with free space that low. I usually advise Windows users to keep at least 15% of a drive’s capacity free at all times. Resources used : http://www.hardwareanalysis.com/content/topic/15682/ Completed by : Bogdan Filipciuc Date : 20/04/2014 Name of user Maria Beloni Report date 11/04/2014 Machine identification details 76 Time to fix 15 minutes I’ve re-installed windows and my sound/video/modem/printer is not working correctly Diagnosis/Fault found The sound, video, modem and printer don’t work Remedial action taken To fix the problem with the sound, video, modem and printer I have installed patches for each one and restart the computer and everything is working perfectly. Resources used : http://www.hardwareanalysis.com/content/topic/15682/ Completed by : Bogdan Filipciuc Date : 20/04/2014 Judge the value of different sources of support material (M3) Having completed a number of fault finding activities set up by your tutor, judge the value and validity of different sources of support material to which you referred during the process. Present your findings as a referenced appendix to you fault records. Grading Tips: Make sure that you accessed a number of different  sources for a given fault; don’t just rely on one source.

Amazon Case Study

Amazon Case Study Introduction Amazon is a leading global company in the online bookselling industry. The company has 32 million customers in approximately 150 countries. In addition, there are more than 900,000 sites and associate programmes that links users to Amazon.com (Johnson 2011). Amazon was founded as Amazon.com, Inc. by Jeff Bezos.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Amazon specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More With its headquarters in Seattle, Washington, Amazon has enjoyed immense growth and at the moment, it is regarded as United States’ leading online retailer. As of January 2010, Amazon.com recorded internet sales revenue that was three times that of Staples, Inc., its runner up (Amazon.com 2010). Upon inception, Amazon.com operated as an online bookstore. However, as time went by, Amazon deemed it necessary to diversify its operations. This is how then that the company got itself involved in the business of selling DVDs, video games, MP3 downloads, and CDs. Other products sold by Amazon include apparel, toys, electronics, food, furniture, and computer software. Amazon also offers international shipping for a number of its products to certain countries. The paper presents a SWOT analysis of Amazon. In addition, a PEST analysis of the company is also provided, along with the Porter’s five forces as they impact on Amazon. Also, the Porter’s value chain of Amazon is addressed as well. The market served by Amazon and the potential challenges that could face the company in these markets is addressed as well. SWOT Analysis Strengths Amazon still remains the leading global online retailer of various educative and entertaining media products and books. Two factors are responsible for the recognition of Amazon as a powerful brand across the globe (Barry 2011). Within a period of 10 years, the company had managed to amass a customer base of 30 million. Amazon pioneered e-commerce technologi es (Hansell 2008). The business strategy for Amazon benefits immensely from sound information technology and customer relationship management that the company practices (Briggs 2008). Amazon utilizes data on the buyer behavior and this has enabled the company to provide them with specific items that they seek, on the basis of their preference. As a result, this has helped to increase customer loyalty (Halkias 2010). The product portfolio for Amazon is quite diverse and includes such products as CD/DVDs and books, among others.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Weaknesses The brand image of Amazon is at risk in as far as the issue of product expansion is concerned. In this case, Amazon product portfolio now includes other products besides books. As the leading online retailer, an increase in products offering could in fact result in a weakened brand owing to poss ible confusion on the part of the consumers. It is important for online retailers to focus more on the issue of technology. In this case, constant system maintenance is necessary so that there are no delays in the provision of customer service. Amazon relies heavily on external companies for the delivery of their products and there is a risk involved here as it could result in uncontained problems in as far as the issue of service delivery is concerned (Stone 2009). Eventually, this may lead to increased costs. Opportunities Amazon could consider entering into a partnership with the public sector. In this regard, Amazon stands to benefit from the services of public libraries so that potential users may benefit from catalog and search option services. This service could also cover the rare and antique books. Amazon may consider forging a relationship with book publishers in order to benefit from exclusive launch authors and exclusive offers. As a result, this would translate into inc reased growth for the company owing to the tendency by consumers to read an author repeatedly. Amazon has the chance to invest more on the expectation of its customers and this shall enable the company to enhance their loyalty towards the company. Amazon could vend its rich human resource expertise to a majority of the book stores. Amazon may forge a partnership with a majority of the retailing firms dealing in e-commerce Threats Competitors are quickly attracted to internet businesses and as such, it becomes rather hard to maintain differentiated products. This also means that differentiating the brand of a given company from that of the competition is also hard. Owing to the expansion of online business, competition is also expected to intensify There has been a rapid increase in the cost of transport owing to the sharp increase in the price of fuel. This often has a direct impact on the overall price of the books sold by Amazon as they have to factor in the cost of transport as w ell, paid to the third party (The New York Times 2010). When considering expanding into other countries, Amazon has to take into account the customs and trends of the country of choice so as to understand the behavior of potential customers.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Amazon specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More PEST Analysis Political/Legal Amazon is not a monopoly in the market of operation and with such other players as eBay, Yahoo! and Google, the company is faced with intense competition. Some foreign trade regulations could also hinder the quest by Amazon to expand to other countries. For example, such countries as China are less tolerant to the concept of e-commerce and this may hinder the expansion of Amazon to the lucrative market (Brown 2008). Government policies and issues of taxation could also hamper the growth and expansion of Amazon Economic Factors The world is still reeling from the effects of the recent global financial crisis and as such, the GDP trend of most countries is still on the path to recovery. In addition, for a majority of the countries, the interest rates have gone up and this has had a negative impact on money supply. In addition, the level of employment in most economies is has been on the increase in recent years and as such, this would mean that the disposable income of a majority of the members of the population is low. Consequently, they would not be in a position to partake in the purchase of the products and services that Amazon offers (Wallbank 2011). As a result, this translates into lost business for the company. Socio-cultural factors The level of education impacts greatly on the purchase behavior of consumers. For example, in the case of Amazon, in order for one to participate in the online transactions, there is need to be acquainted with what entails e-commerce transactions and as such, individuals with no background information on e-commerce may be discouraged from taking part. In addition, population demographics also affect the marketing strategies of Amazon (Sage Honan 2009). For example, an increase in the number of peoples within a specific target market that Amazon aims to reach translates into potential increase in sales revenues. Lifestyle changes also affect the sales of products and services. In the case of Amazon, the company has to periodically uptake its technology in order to keep pace with the latest developments. This has seen the company move from its traditional business model of only selling hard copy books to the use of the Kindle technology, whereby using software, one can get to read the book in its softcopy (Steiner 2010).Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Technological factors Although there has been a dramatic improvement in internet systems and security, nonetheless, from a global perspective, technology distribution is faced with inequality and this has acted to undermine one of the technologically- focused companies as Amazon. In the case of Amazon, business associated with the company and the customer as well needs to embrace technological education in order to augment socio-political and resolutions and internet penetration. Porter’s Five Forces Analysis Entry threat Amazon is faced with a medium to low entry threat. As a pioneer in online book retailing, the company acts as a good example of what is likely to face any amateur firm in the industry. Thanks to continuous service upgrade and the huge amount of capital that Amazon has invested over the past 8 years, the company now has an advantage in the market over other firms. Furthermore, Amazon has managed to forge alliances and acquisitions with other firms. Amazon has also been involved in endless innovation and technology developments (Steiner 2010). Accordingly, in order to imitate Amazon, any rival company would be expected to build a strong relationship in the market and this might prove to be an uphill task because as a pioneer, Amazon has already achieved this. On the other hand, Amazon is faced with the issue of moderate switching costs and this appears to offer respite to such niche players in the market as eBay. Amazon may also anticipate retaliation from such niche competitors as eBay. Supplier power Supplier power is low. Retailers are dwarfed by the industry firms. On the other hand, the presence of internet technology is an indication of untapped global exposure. As a result, firms dealing in E-commerce have remained loyal to their suppliers, and more so those with access to global marketable services/products. Buyer power Buyer power is low. Save for the B2B transactions both pure buyers and merchants that use this industry are geo graphically segregated and independent from one another. As a result, this means that they have an insignificant individual purchase. Threat of substitutes The threat of substitutes in the industry is low. On the other hand, customers’ online purchase decisions rely on convenient shopping at discounted options and prices. As such, they are characterized by expensive switching costs. Sometimes, customers have had to experience reduced purchasing ability of the needed items due to delay in decision making. Consequently, the threat of substitutes is an alternative worth of exploration. Competitive Rivalry Amazon is faced with medium to high competitive rivalry. Although the industry has many players, nonetheless, they could be classified as overly diversified (Yahoo!) and niche (eBay) competitors of Amazon, a diversified firm. Consequently, Priceline and Barneys are on a head-to-head competition and the two companies have established a strategic alliance with Amazon (Leeds 2008) . The industry is also faced with high storage and fixed costs because firms are required to undertake stock inventory at the various warehouses in order to facilitate the delivery of orders. In addition, there exists little product differentiation among competitors, meaning that the switching costs of customers are low. Entry Barriers The industry is characterized by low entry barriers. As such, small players are increasingly getting lured into the industry with a view to targeting a given niche in the market. On the other hand, large entrants are more likely to engage in unsolicitated take-over bids for such diversified and established companies as Amazon. Alternatively, they may decide to forge partnership with such other partners firms as Google and Yahoo! in order to increase their market share. Porter’s Value Chain Analysis There is an apparent support of such primary activities of Amazon as the inbound logistics by secondary activities (for example, technological devel opments and selective procurement). This support is capable of filtering the service/product choice from the manufacturers/retailers so that the customers can have access to safe transactions (Steiner 2010). Furthermore, Amazon enjoys firm infrastructure and as such, this enables the firm to compress its marketing and operational activities into a single commission-based scheme that can be accessed by all its 900,000 associate partners (Oswald 2008). Moreover, Amazon’s infrastructure has also enabled the company to reduce tax payments. On the other hand, the outbound logistics of Amazon that are affiliated with its center at Delaware facilitates access to such markets as Japan and other countries in Asia and Europe as well. Consequently, the value chain makes it possible for Amazon to integrate the supportive and comparatively low-cost environment of its Seattle headquarters where the company’s developers are based. At the same time, the value chain also enables Amazon to establish efficient procurement and storage of products. This is in addition to ensuring an efficient delivery of products (Porter 1985) by way of closing warehouses that have provide inefficient and at the same time, helping to open up new warehouses that adds value and are strategically located. Amazon Products The product line of Amazon include books, DVDs, music CDs, consumer electronics, videotapes, tools, toys games, lawn, baby products, sporting goods, baby products, watches, beauty products, groceries, and clothing, among others (Smith 2011). Amazon Kindle is yet another product that the company helped to launch in November 2007. This product is in the form of an e-book reader. With the e-book reader, a user is in a position to download the contents. This is made possible by a wireless network. In the case of the amazons Kindle, the wireless network in use is the Sprint Nextel EV-DO. As part of its product diversification, Amazon was involved in the launching of MP3 ser vices. This was in January 2008. As a result, websites subsidiary to Amazon are now better able to access the MP3 service worldwide. The newest product to be launched by Amazon is Amazon.com exclusives. The product is mainly in the form of a DVD and its availability is restricted to Amaon.com only. On the basis of the products offered by Amazon, the company targets diverse markets. For example, in the case of its music CDs/DVDs, the company mainly targets teenagers and young adults below the age of 40 years, on the other hand, books sold by Amazon targets students, researchers, academic and research institutions, and libraries. Changes and challenges facing markets served by Amazon As an online retailer, Amazon is faced with a number of challenges in their quest to serve target markets without the usual conventional brick and mortar types of businesses. For instance, in case there is a consumer who wish to buy a digital camera, unless the customer in question is very explicit about the nature and specifications of such a camera, the only option left is for you to go to a best buy store for example and sample various cameras in order to find out the exact features that you desire. In the case of Amazon however, since the company is online, one does not have the privilege to sample the actual products (Malik 2008). As such, the main problem facing potential customers in the market is that a lot of the times, some of the items that would have otherwise been purchased from the company o not actually get to be purchased, owing to such technicalities. In addition, the company has on certain occasions experienced a number of technical issues and this means that customers are not in a position to place their orders with the company. If this happens repeatedly, consumers are likely to lose their confidence with the company, and this means lost business for Amazon. In recent years, Amazon has been under political and legal pressure not only from the conventional retaile rs, but also from state governments. This is because the company does not collect sales taxes in those regions where it lacks physical presence. This may clearly hinder the quest for Amazon to expand into various markets because state government would not entertain an investor who is least concerned about the welfare of the surrounding physical environment. In the same way, the traditional retailers would clearly oppose the expansion strategies of Amazon into their neighborhood because this would afford the company an unfair advantage over them (Smith 2011). Conclusion Thanks to an increase in customer base and a powerful global brand, Amazon has enjoyed an unprecedented level of success in the online bookselling industry. However, the Amazon brand is faced with the risk of products expansion. However, Amazon enjoys a rich human resource expertise and the company could benefit from vending them to a majority of the bookstores. Competitors are quickly attracted to internet business a nd for this reason customers may find it hard to differentiate the products offered to the market by Amazon, relative to those of the competitors. Amazon is faced with a medium to low entry threat and the supplier power in the industry is low. The buyer power is also low, along with the threat of substitutes. On the other hand, entry barriers into the online bookselling industry are low. As an operator in the online bookselling industry, Amazon is faced with a number of challenges, such as technical issues. This may prevent customers from placing orders with the company and consumers may lose confidence with the company. It is important therefore for Amazon to fully address all of these issues in order to remain competitive in the industry. Reference List Amazon.com 2010, ‘Amazon.com’, 09 September, amazon.com Barry, H 2011, ‘119 to lose jobs when Amazon closes Texas facility’, American-  Statesman, 11 February, statesman.com/business/119-to-lose-jobs-whe n-amazon-closes-texas- 1248784.html Briggs, B 2008, ‘Amazon weaves fabric.com into its e-commerce quilt’, Internet Retailer, 25 June, internetretailer.com/dailyNews.asp?id=26889 Brown, D 2008, ‘Online giant Amazon.co.uk celebrates its 10th anniversary as shoppers use retailer website to buy goods, thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/news/article1809903.ece Halkias, M 2010, ‘Texas bills Amazon for millions in sales taxes’, The Dallas Morning  News 23 October. Hansell, S 2008, ‘Amazon sues New York State to void sales tax rules’, The New York  Times, 1 May. Johnson, B 2011 ‘Retailers oppose Amazon sales tax pass’, The Tennessean, 31 January. Leeds, F 2008 ’Amazon to sell Warner Music minus copy protection’, The New York  Times, 28 December, Malik, O 2008, ‘The growing ex-Amazon club and why it’s a good thing’, Gigaom, 21 November, http://gigaom.com/2008/11/21/the-growing-ex-amazon-club-and-why-it s-a-good- thing/ Oswald, D 2008 ‘Borders returns to online sales, drops Amazon’, International Business  Times, 25 May, ibtimes.com/articles/20080527/borders-amazon -barnes-noble-web-online-store-retailer.htm Smith, R 2011, Which stock falls first? Motley Fool, 18 January Steiner, I 2010, ‘Seller’s choice: merchants rate ecommerce marketplaces’,  Auctionbytes.com, 24 January, auctionbytes.com/cab/abu/y210/m01/abu0255/s02 Steiner, I 2010, Seller’s choice marketplace ratings:eBay’, Auctionbytes.com, 24 January, auctionbytes.com/cab/abu/y210/m01/abu0255/s03 Stone, B 2009, ‘Amazon erases Orwell books from kindle’, The New York Times, 18 July, nytimes.com/2009/07/18/technology/companies/18amazon.html. Sage, A Honan E 2009, ‘NY Judge tosses amazon.com lawsuit over sales tax’,  Reuters, 13 January. The New York Times 2010 ‘E-books top hardcovers at Amazon’, The New York Times, 19 July, Wallbank, P 2011, ‘ Amazon’s fight with Illinois is a small of a bigger global battle between online retailers and tax authorities’, Business Insider, 18 January.

Introduction to Electronics Communication essays

Introduction to Electronics Communication essays Introduction to Electronics Communications The field of electronics can be roughly divided into three major subfields, computers, communications and control. Virtually every electronic application can be classified as part of one of these three divisions. The largest field in terms of the sales of equipment and services and the number of employees in the computer field. It is also the youngest of the three. The communications industry is the second largest in size and is most certainly the oldest since electronics really started with radio communications. The smallest field is controlled. The computer industry is concerned with the development and servicing of computer hardware and software used by business, industry, and government for the processing, storage, and retrieval of data. The communications industry is concerned with electronic equipment used for the transfer of information between two or more points. That information may be voice, television pictures, computer data, or some other form of electronic information. The control filed is concerned with electronic power as well as various kinds of electronic components and circuits used to operate lights, heating elements, electric motors, and other devices. Although computers, communications, and control are three distinct fields, many applications involve the use of two or even all three disciplines. For example, computers are widely combined with control systems to automate factories and plants. Many computers are also part of networks that allow them to exchange data. In addition, the technologies from communications and control are often combined to perform remote operations. Communication is the basic process of exchanging information. It is what humans do to convey their thoughts, ideas, and feelings to one another. Humans have been communicating with one another from the beginning of humankind. Most humans communicated through the spoken ...

How to Use Facebook Retargeting Ads With Nick Steeves [PODCAST]

How to Use Facebook Retargeting Ads With Nick Steeves [PODCAST] It’s a challenge to get traffic to your website. Even after you put in the effort to build traffic, many visitors don’t buy what you’re selling the first time they visit. What you want to do is get your visitors to return so they make that purchase. Today’s guest is Nick Steeves, the chief product officer at Wishpond. He is going to talk to us about retargeting, video ads, and how to measure your digital advertising success. If you want to get more people to come back to your site to buy your product or service, you won’t want to miss today’s show! Information about Wishpond and what Nick does there. Retargeting: What it is and why it’s important. Nick also talks about two ways to do retargeting one way that is basic and one way that is more advanced. How Wishpond comes up with retargeting ad ideas. The types of retargeting ads that work the best for Display and Facebook. Tips on making great videos that will result in conversion. Why it makes good business sense to â€Å"pay to play† on Facebook. Why Wishpond calls their marketing team â€Å"the growth team.† What the Wishpond growth team’s workflow looks like and how they keep it all organized. How to test ads to know what works best, as well as what to look for to know whether the ad is working or not working and how to learn from the ads that just didn’t work. Nick’s best advice for someone just starting out with retargeting ads. Links: Nick Steeves Wishpond AdEspresso Google AdWords